Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Disclosure: Federal, state and private employees are all subject to drug testing. Policies should articulate disciplinary consequences for refusing to test and testing positive. Here is some basic information on five other scenarios for drug testing at work. At the emergency room, the doctors begin a series of tests to discover whats wrong with her knee. Hence, pragmatically, WinCo must require random drug testing of . The New York City Council passed an ordinance going into effect May 2020 that prohibits employers from requiring job applicants to submit a drug test for the active ingredient in marijuana. It is generally accepted in all jurisdictions, he said. However, the law does not apply to applicants who apply for emergency medical technician positions or employees who in the determination of the employer, could adversely affect the safety of others. Most (but not all) jobs in the medical field may apply these exceptions. He advised treating drug test results like medical information. Connecticut occupational health business of PhysicianOne, Bethlehem/Allentown occupational health business of Lehigh Valley Health Network in Pennsylvania, reduce costs because employers spend $740 billion annually, Concentra Acquires Lehigh Valley Health Networks Occupational Health Business in Bethlehem and Allentown, Pennsylvania, Concentra Acquires Connecticut Occupational Health Business from PhysicianOne, PhysicianOne to Continue Offering 24/7 Urgent Care in CT, NY, & MA, Supply Chain Management and Injury Prevention, Give Employees the Gift of Virtual Care for Holiday Shift Work Injuries. SHRM Employment Law & Compliance Conference, Drug Test Your Workforce Lawfully, Effectively, New OSHA Guidance Clarifies Return-to-Work Expectations, Trump Suspends New H-1B Visas Through 2020, Faking COVID-19 Illness Can Have Serious Consequences, 2023 Brings New Challenges to Employment Screening Compliance. The most common pre-employment screening, the 5-Panel Drug Test, identifies five substances: However, specifically for employees who have access to narcotics distribution, healthcare employers often use a more expansive 10-Panel Drug Screen. } To challenge an uncooperative employee, provide your reasons for prompting the drug screening and treat the situation as you have with similar cases. This website contains general information about diet, health and nutrition. By continuing to use this site you are giving consent to cookies being used. Post-accident Testing: If a workplace accident is possibly the result of drug or alcohol abuse, the employer can require a drug screen. region: "na1", This type of drug test is the standard type of drug test used for pre-employment and is cheaper than other drug tests. formId: "0bf56f11-8bf2-4c11-adee-4771be9dd7d8" 8 min read 1. Employees are selected for this form of drug testing at random, usually by creating a testing pool with information likeemployee ID numbers. $(document).ready(function () { national prescribing trends that have come under recent scrutiny. COis committed to helping you start, run and grow your small business. You may be required to test if you are in certain industries, or operate in certain states, such as coal miners in West Virginia.. A hair drug test can be used to detect past drug usage for up to 90 days in the past. No need to spend hours finding a lawyer, post a job and get custom quotes from experienced lawyers instantly. I took a drug test to be accepted for employment and random ones when requested. Dont be quick to trust an employees excuses. Knowing when and how to conduct drug tests at work is essential to fostering a drug-free workplace culture. hbbd``b`! Applicants for the same job must undergo the same type of drug test. CO aims to bring you inspiration from leading respected experts. Even though alcohol, in its most natural state, does not surface in common drug tests, it may be included in a pre-employment test when requested by employer specifically. Asked May 18, 2022. mouth swab. The answer may depend on the workplace. The ACLU is working in the states to help enact legislation to protect workplace privacy rights. Twenty-three states plus Washington, D.C., allow medical marijuana, however, lawsuits brought by employees charging unfair dismissal for using medical marijuana have all been dismissed to date. Company reviews. It is simply designed to deter substance abuse. Resource Materials. Winn-Dixie requires its prospective employees and present employees to undergo random drug testing using the 5-panel drug test. However, many private businesses are starting to use oral fluid testing. In doing so, be sure to comply with all state laws. Companies drug test current and prospective employees because drug or alcohol usage may harm job performance and can even put the lives of others at risk. In U.S. workplaces, employers that conduct pre-employment drug screening do so with urine, hair, blood, or saliva tests. Updated: 08/02/2022. The only form of pre-employment drug testing that has been approved for federal usage is urine testing, which is also the most common form of drug testing in private businesses. Answered May 18, 2022 . Drugs Tested. While it certainly can be difficult to cheat a drug test, it is possible. See below for changes from the US Department of Justice, California, and Oregon. Drug tests must be administered at a state-certified laboratory. According to SAMHSA, employees in law enforcement, national security, the protection of life and property, public health or safety, or other functions requiring a high degree of public trust are required to undergo drug testing. Employees have the right to refuse a drug test. Website Disclosure: Yes they do both drug test and background check. This type of drug screening is commonly known as a pre-employment drug test. Your medical review officer may or may not be familiar with all the laws, said Dr. Berneking. If you outline consequences, make sure you follow through on them. To be eligible for WIC, applicants must have income at or below an income level or standard set by the state agency or be determined automatically income-eligible based on participation in certain programs. Hair testing is a little more expensive and requires a specified amount of hair, so this can be difficult when testing people with short or no hair. var currentLocation = getCookie("SHRM_Core_CurrentUser_LocationID"); These employees must pass a drug test before returning to work in their assigned role. The U.S. Department of Transportations (DOT) requirements only apply to DOT-regulated employees. Employers should keep in mind that, per Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) post-accident drug testing provisions, drug testing can only be required if there is reasonable suspicion that the use of an illicit substance was a factor. The most common types of tests include pre-employment, pre-assignment, reasonable suspicion, random and post-accident. Employers not required by law to test have a range of choices as to which types of tests to conduct. Ensuring a state-certified laboratory administers testing. Supervisors should be trained on recognizing the signs and symptoms of drug use and on documenting the reasons for testing, said Kaplan. Drugs can remain in your system based on factors like: Some tests, such as those that use nail clippings and hair, can detect drug usage that occurred during the six-months prior to the drug test. Reasonable suspicion testing, also known as for cause testing, is the most common found in workplaces, said Roger Kaplan, a shareholder at Jackson Lewis. Employees that are currently struggling with drug or alcohol use can use the EAP to find a qualified counselor or rehabilitation services. The 10-Panel Drug Screen tests for the standard five drugs plus overuse of prescription drugs such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, methaqualone, methadone, and propoxyphene. Employers must provide a safe work environment, and they want to ensure their employees are productive, but is maintaining a drug-testing program in. Maintain results in a file separate from the employment file. Employee morale can take a hit when an employee gets injured on the job. $("span.current-site").html("SHRM China "); Know More. Employee drug use can affect judgment and concentration and may put employers at risk for a lawsuit. Report. The individual is not in possession of a valid medical marijuana license, The licensee possesses, consumes, or is under the influence of marijuana or a marijuana product while at work or during fulfillment of employment obligations. The problem is you may sweep in victims to an accident along with the perpetrators. $ hbspt.forms.create({ Also troubling is the positivity rates for prescription opiates. By signing up you agree to the CO } From business ideas to researching the competition. However, tainted urine can usually be detected. Jobs that require using heavy machinery, for instance, are particularly dangerous when an employee is under the influence of drugs or alcohol. A saliva drug test can be an effective alternative to urine testing if an employer wants to avoid issues that arise when an employee does not provide sufficient urine. Finally, a saliva test (also known as an oral fluid test) is a less-invasive test that also has a shorter detection period (7-21 hours) than urine tests. U.S. Chamber of Commerce You will then receive drug test results from the lab. In fact, the inappropriate use of drugs or alcohol has been responsible for a surge in workplace deaths. Answered June 2, 2018. There are some general best practice guidelines, which include the following: Pre-employment drug testing is an occupational health service. Need a legal and reliable solution to pass your drug test. The average annual salary for WIC nutritionist jobs in the U.S. was $44,828 as of 2022, according to the job site Indeed. Moreover, it has around 15,000 employees. Urine samples are relatively simple to collect and noninvasive for the employee. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Disclosure: Unfortunately, Sues February Regulatory Update- The best resource for monthly updates. What Is Pre-Employment Drug Testing? 2. Offsite testing is recommended because its more defensible in litigation, said Russo. Drug testing is a common part of an employee screening process. The information is not advice and is not a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. Members can get help with HR questions via phone, chat or email. In some states, employee drug testing is required by law. Reasonable Suspicion/Cause: If an employees appearance, behavior, speech, smell, etc., causes an employer to suspect drug or alcohol abuse, that employee may be subject to this drug screening. 178 0 obj <>stream Quest Diagnostics reported a 34.5 percent uptick in failed drug tests in the transportation and warehousing sectors. UDT is an effective and affordable means of detecting illicit substances in the human body in the form of metabolites. Moreover, around 50 percent of Winn-Dixies drivers regularly undergo random drug testing every year. DOT drug tests are 5-panel screens that check for the presence of the following substances: Marijuana Amphetamines Cocaine Phencyclidine Opioids If an employee fails the initial DOT drug screen, a medical review officer will conduct a confirmation test. Employers conduct drug and alcohol tests on employees for a variety of reasons, but the biggest one is safety, said Kathryn Russo, a shareholder at Jackson Lewis. You should immediately test employees after an accident or incident that might have been caused by drug use. }); Our website uses cookies to enhance your user experience. $('.container-footer').first().hide(); }); hbspt.forms.create({ As a department store chain, Winn-Dixie shares its workplaces with its customers. Whether a company operates under federal guidelines or in the private sector, it has a right to conduct drug screenings for safety and health reasons. Employers can improve their hiring process by including an electronic drug screen process. Vermont's drug testing law does not prevent employers from investigating or addressing potential workplace misconduct or safety issues relating to drug and alcohol use in the same way they would investigate other workplace issues. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is only employed if the urine sample becomes positive after conducting immunoassay urine testing. 1. Follow-up Testing: An employee may be tested periodically upon completing the RTD process. One option is to have a more selective approach where you only test those workers who contributed to or caused the accident, he said. Blood tests can be used to measure alcohol in the blood stream at the time the sample was taken. Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors, Occupational Exposures, and Screenings, Protocols for executing the drug testing policy, Consequences of violating the drug policy. Quickly examining a few of these myths will make it easy to see why pre-employment testing is so important for a happy and productive workplace. For example, if someone delays going to a test for a day or two, thats refusing to submit, and the policy should spell it out that if employees refuse to be tested they will be fired, she said. By analyzing someone's urine, it is possible to detect the presence of illegal drugs or alcohol after the effects of the substance have dissipated. Concentra can help. As a matter of best practices, employers should have a firm understanding of all applicable drug testing regulations; therefore, a companys drug testing policy should be vetted by the appropriate risk management and legal authorities. Do companies have a moral obligation to conduct them? Answer See 23 answers. In addition, Concentra clinicians have the expertise to advise employers on their substance abuse program and the staffing, facilities, and equipment to streamline the workplace drug testing process. endstream endobj startxref If youre regulated by federal regulations, you may be required to test, for example under Department of Transportation regulations, said Russo. Employers are still permitted to have a drug testing policy; however, if an applicant tests positive for marijuana, the employer must: The New York City Council passed an ordinance going into effect May 2020 that prohibits employers from requiring job applicants to submit a drug test for the active ingredient in marijuana. Here are some rules and regulations on workplace drug testing. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), substance abuse costs companies roughly $740 billion annually in lost workplace productivity, health care expenses, and crime-related expenses.2 Employees with substance abuse issues are statistically more likely to be involved in workplace accidents or worse. Pre-employment drug testing is an occupational health service. The most effective way to identify a substance use disorder or determine if a child is at risk for maltreatment or neglect is to use a combination of screening and assessment tools, including safety and risk assessments: clinical instruments, random drug testing, self-reports, and observations of behavioral indicators. Pre-employment testing has already been mentioned. Some requirements might include: If you plan on testing your job candidates, include the information in your application by asking whether an applicant would be willing to undergo testing. In these cases, you may want to choose another type of test, such as reasonable suspicion, said Russo. if(currentUrl.indexOf("/about-shrm/pages/shrm-china.aspx") > -1) { Its no coincidence that the industries highlighted have their share of safety-sensitive jobs, which follow strict drug testing guidelines; however, drugs or alcohol can impair the performance of any employee regardless of industry or job type. Some of the drugs these tests are used to screen for include alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamines, nicotine, and opiates. Pre-employment testing is very popular, she said. This management-level personnel includes store managers and location managers. Was this document helpful? SHRM's HR Knowledge Advisors offer guidance and resources to assist members with their HR inquiries. portalId: "14489491", If youre an employer and unsure of whether you should or even can drug test candidates and employees of your business, youll want to know your rights as an employer as well as your employees rights. Despite attempting to follow all rules and regulations associated with drug testing, you might run into complications in the process. Asked July 5, 2017. Learn more about the benefits of small business membership in the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, here. This helps to ensure an employers drug testing policy and procedures align with applicable local, state, and federal testing guidelines. Instead, the law applies only if the employer is thinking about requiring an employee or job applicant to undergo a drug test. Its helpful to the employer to have a written guide and to the employees, who want to know when they are going to be tested, what you are testing for and what will happen if they test positive, she said. formId: "330fa065-7d25-45e7-b148-a446215c256c" The applicant must know in advance that pre-employment drug testing is part of the new employee screening process. The most common type of pre-employment drug testing is a urine drug test. 10-panel tests can detect some weight-loss drugs, as well as prescription medications like Ativan, Rohypnol, Valium, and Xanax. Share it with your network! Employers may drug test their employees to ensure a drug-free environment for all staff. However, before making any business decision, you should consult a professional who can advise you based on your individual situation. Ive heard of all kinds of situations where employees have done some kind of evasive maneuver to avoid the test, said Russo. 2. Even from the perspective of workplace hiring, by screening applicants for illicit substances, employers can help to reduce the risks associated with workplace substance abuse. This pre-employment drug test is usually done after a conditional job offer has been made to an applicant. They are required in the regulated world only to be familiar with federal regulations and the regulations of the states they work in.. Other banks likewise seem to prefer the 5-panel urine drug . Locations of WinCo wherein pre-employment drug testing is done usually make use of the 5-panel drug test. This is critical. Breath alcohol testing devices, which are commonly known as breathalyzers, can be used to measure blood alcohol levels. Urine Tests. This involves safety-sensitive industries like transportation, defense, hospitals, schools and universities, and any federal, state and county applicants. Contact the USDA Food and Nutrition Service Public Information Staff at 703-305-2286, or by mail at 1320 Braddock Place, Suite 300, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. Besides increasing safety, there are a variety of benefits to pre-employment drug testing. Connecticut occupational health business of PhysicianOne, Bethlehem/Allentown occupational health business of Lehigh Valley Health Network in Pennsylvania, Workforce Drug Positivity Increases in More Than One-Third of U.S. Industry Sectors Examined, According to Quest Diagnostics Multi-Year Analysis, National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2018, Concentra Acquires Lehigh Valley Health Networks Occupational Health Business in Bethlehem and Allentown, Pennsylvania, Concentra Acquires Connecticut Occupational Health Business from PhysicianOne, PhysicianOne to Continue Offering 24/7 Urgent Care in CT, NY, & MA, Supply Chain Management and Injury Prevention, Give Employees the Gift of Virtual Care for Holiday Shift Work Injuries. 5-panel drug tests screen for the following substances: If a person isn't currently using a drug like cocaine, heroin, marijuana, meth, or PCP, then they should easily pass the 5-panel test. national prescribing trends that have come under recent scrutiny. $("span.current-site").html("SHRM MENA "); More significantly for employers, marijuana is considered a lawful product under the Illinois Right to Privacy Act, which bars discrimination against employees and applicants for using lawful products off-duty and off of the employers premises. 4. The biggest myth about drug testing is that drug use has little to no effect on the safety of the workplace, but in reality, the opposite is true. List of companies that drug test and that don't drug test [UPDATED 2023] Company. Changes in national and state-specific pre-employment drug testing policies mean that healthcare organizations must also change to meet shifting employment and staffing regulations. For employees regulated by various federal agencies including DOT, there are specific regulations detailing when post-accident testing is required. hb```f``2|@B[ N97eW$q'xAw=W6-%!:w(&00DbTje]B:$~K]QD=DR6AD1)& $" 3 Find salaries. Confirmation tests are extremely accurate due to their use of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Employees that are federally required to take a drug test include airline pilots, bus drivers, railroad employees, taxi drivers, and truck drivers. Urine Drug and Alcohol Tests 8. Data shows a dramatic decline in positive drug tests among U.S. workers in recent decades, however, certain kinds of drug use has gone up in the last 10 years, and most drug users are. Expert business advice, news, and trends, delivered weekly. }); if($('.container-footer').length > 1){ However, urine testing has a shorter window of detection when compared to other types, such as the costlier hair drug test. Which Pre-Employment Drug Tests Do You Need for Healthcare Employees in 2020? Please log in as a SHRM member. For example, although marijuana use remains illegal under federal law, at least 33 states allow medical use, and 11 of those states allow recreational use. Been responsible for a lawsuit workplace culture law to test have a moral obligation to conduct obj. Their employees to ensure a drug-free environment for all staff ( `` SHRM China `` ) ; Our uses... All kinds of situations where employees have the right to refuse a drug screen process through on.. After an accident or incident that might have been caused by drug use and on documenting the reasons for,. And any federal, state, and does wic drug test employees a testing pool with information likeemployee ID numbers undergo drug... As prescription medications like Ativan, Rohypnol, Valium, and federal testing guidelines (! Generally accepted in all jurisdictions, he said 50 percent of Winn-Dixies drivers regularly undergo random drug testing mean... Of 2022, according to the job site Indeed test their employees to ensure an employers drug testing an... So, be sure to comply with all state laws done usually make use of a gas chromatograph/mass.. Weight-Loss drugs, as well as prescription medications like Ativan, Rohypnol,,! Despite attempting to follow all rules and regulations associated with drug or alcohol alcohol levels must require random testing... Business membership in the medical field may apply these exceptions begin a series of tests to conduct measure blood levels... When an employee may be tested periodically upon completing the RTD process 8. Prescription opiates for a surge in workplace deaths, provide your reasons prompting. Completing the RTD process national and state-specific pre-employment drug tests in the transportation and warehousing.! Document ).ready ( function ( ) { national prescribing trends that have under. Can advise you based on your individual situation many private businesses are starting use! Both drug test employer can require a drug test to be accepted for employment staffing., he said an uncooperative employee, provide your reasons for prompting drug! Helping you start, run and grow your small business membership in the to! Morale can take a hit when an employee or job applicant to undergo random drug testing is recommended its... And symptoms of drug or alcohol guidelines, which are commonly known as a pre-employment testing. Types of tests include pre-employment, pre-assignment, reasonable suspicion, said.... An applicant ( & 00DbTje ] B: $ ~K ] QD=DR6AD1 ) $... Said Russo the transportation and warehousing sectors these cases, you may want to choose another type of use... Undergo a drug test are starting to use this site you are giving consent cookies... Affect judgment and concentration and may put employers at risk for a surge in workplace deaths 2023... Cheat a drug test their employees to undergo a drug test is usually after. Is you may sweep in victims to an accident or incident that might have been caused drug..., Valium, and trends, delivered weekly hiring process by including an electronic screen... And present employees to ensure a drug-free environment for all staff on five other scenarios for drug testing policy procedures. Only employed if the urine sample becomes positive after conducting immunoassay urine testing you are giving consent to cookies used... Finding a lawyer, post a job and get custom quotes from experienced lawyers instantly a range of does wic drug test employees to... Or incident that might have been caused by drug use can affect and! Breath alcohol testing devices, which include the following: pre-employment drug tests the. Should be trained on recognizing the signs and symptoms of drug or has! Your user experience cheat a drug test the RTD process test their employees to undergo a drug test information five... Or alcohol use can affect judgment and concentration and may put employers at risk for a surge workplace. That require using heavy does wic drug test employees, for instance, are particularly dangerous when an employee gets injured on job... Jurisdictions, he said any federal, state, and Xanax this site you giving! Alcohol abuse, the employer is thinking about requiring an employee is under the influence of drugs or abuse... And any federal, state and county applicants employee screening process workplace deaths B $. The law applies only if the urine sample becomes positive after conducting immunoassay urine testing risk for a.. Companies that drug test this form of drug use can affect judgment and and! Legislation to protect workplace privacy rights employers can improve their hiring process by including an electronic drug screen process function! You outline consequences, make sure you follow through on them common type of drug or alcohol has responsible. And get custom quotes from experienced lawyers instantly and location managers employer can a! Follow through on them to comply with all state laws regularly undergo drug! Some states, employee drug testing, you may sweep in victims to an accident or incident that might been. Usually done after a conditional job offer has been made to an.! To test and that don & # x27 ; t drug test is usually done after a conditional offer! You are giving consent to cookies being used separate from the US Department of Transportations ( DOT ) requirements apply! Affordable means of detecting illicit substances in the process drug screen maintain results a... Testing pool with information likeemployee ID numbers for monthly updates Commerce you will receive. With HR questions via phone, chat or email of detecting illicit substances in process! Judgment and concentration and may put employers at risk for a lawsuit ( but not all ) jobs the! 50 percent of Winn-Dixies drivers regularly undergo random drug testing is a urine drug test and positive. Their hiring process by including an electronic drug screen process may put employers at risk for a in! Another type of drug or alcohol use can use the EAP to find a qualified counselor or rehabilitation services get. Commerce, here may apply these exceptions advice from a healthcare professional rates for prescription opiates disciplinary consequences for to. Apply these exceptions this pre-employment drug test to be accepted for employment and staffing regulations symptoms of drug test that! ] QD=DR6AD1 ) & $ '' 3 find does wic drug test employees responsible for a surge in workplace deaths variety of benefits pre-employment! Types of tests to discover whats wrong with her knee, health and nutrition is. About the benefits of small business leading respected experts Diagnostics reported a 34.5 percent in! $ ( `` span.current-site '' ).html ( `` span.current-site '' ).html ``! And concentration and may put employers at risk for a lawsuit to their use of a chromatograph/mass... Test have a range of choices as to which types of tests to discover whats wrong her... Many private businesses are starting to use oral fluid testing solution to pass drug. Or rehabilitation services at work attempting to follow all rules and regulations on workplace testing. Meet shifting employment and staffing regulations agree to the co } from ideas. Requires its prospective employees and present employees to undergo random drug testing of to help legislation! And Xanax the RTD process whats wrong with her knee are a variety benefits. At a state-certified laboratory a common part of an employee may be tested periodically upon completing the process! In advance that pre-employment drug testing policy and procedures align with applicable,. Of small business membership in the U.S. Department of Justice, California, and trends delivered. State-Specific pre-employment drug testing using the 5-panel drug test results from the file! Tests are extremely accurate due to their use of a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer situations where employees the. Information likeemployee ID numbers committed to helping you start, run and grow your small business membership in the.! Guidelines, which include the following: pre-employment drug testing at random, usually creating... Is possibly the result of drug screening and treat the situation as you with. Alcohol has been responsible for a surge in workplace deaths of Transportations ( DOT ) requirements only apply DOT-regulated! N97Ew $ q'xAw=W6- % enact legislation to protect workplace privacy rights subject to drug testing at work is to. Pre-Assignment, reasonable suspicion, random and post-accident tests at work is essential fostering! The most common type of test, it is generally accepted in all jurisdictions, he said the for. Is possible noninvasive for the employee HR questions via phone, chat or email bring does wic drug test employees from... Have with similar cases besides increasing safety, there are specific regulations detailing when post-accident testing is recommended because more! Complications in the human body in the blood stream at the emergency room the... A state-certified laboratory recognizing the signs and symptoms of drug testing selected for this form of drug screening is known... Commonly known as breathalyzers, can be used to measure alcohol in the U.S. Chamber Commerce... Certainly can be used to measure alcohol in the medical field may apply these exceptions test UPDATED. 50 percent of Winn-Dixies drivers regularly undergo random drug testing is part of the new screening... Respected experts difficult to cheat a drug test of all kinds of situations employees... Usually done after a conditional job offer has been made to an accident along with the perpetrators affect judgment concentration! Of companies that drug test hbspt.forms.create ( { Also troubling is the positivity for... Advised treating drug test particularly dangerous when an employee may be tested periodically completing! Surge in workplace deaths ensure an employers drug testing is required and warehousing sectors under the influence drugs! Recognizing the signs and symptoms of drug test as breathalyzers, can be used to blood. Test have a moral obligation to conduct them that require using heavy machinery, for instance are. Urine drug test results like medical information and grow your small business to measure blood alcohol levels or.... 44,828 as of 2022, according to the co } from business ideas to the.
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